Microbial remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils and its mechanisms: a review / 生物工程学报

Excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil exert serious negative impacts on soil ecosystems. Microorganisms are a common component of soil and show great potential for mitigating soil Cd. This review summarizes the application and remediation mechanisms of microorganisms, microbial-plants, and microbial-biochar in Cd-contaminated soil. Microorganisms such as Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can change the biological validity of Cd through adsorption, mineralization, precipitation and dissolution. Different factors such as pH, temperature, biomass, concentration, and duration have significant effects on Cd bioavailability by microorganisms. Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Flavobacterium can promote the uptake of Cd2+ by hyperaccumulator through promotion and activation. Biochar, a soil amendment, possesses unique physicochemical properties and could act as a shelter for microorganisms in agriculture. The use of combined microbial-biochar can further stabilize Cd compared to using biochar alone.

Establishment and evaluation of rabbit model of closed tibial fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of a modified three-point bending fracture device for establishing a rabbit model of closed tibial fracture.@*METHODS@#The model of closed tibial fracture was established in 40 6-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits with a body weight of 2.5 to 3.0 kg, and the model was verified at 6 weeks after operation. Five rabbits underwent pre modeling without temporary external fixation before modeling, and then were fractured with a modified three-point bending fracture device;35 rabbits underwent formal modeling. Before modeling, needles were inserted, and splints were fixed externally, and then the fracture was performed with a modified three-point bending fracture device. The fracture model and healing process were evaluated by imaging and histopathology at 2 hours, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after operation.@*RESULTS@#Two hours after modeling, the prefabricated module showed oblique fracture in varying degrees and the broken end shifted significantly;Except for 1 comminuted fracture, 2 curved butterfly fractures and 2 without obvious fracture line, the rest were simple transverse and oblique fractures without obvious displacement in formal modeling group. According to the judgment criteria, the success rate of the model was 85.71%. Four weeks after modeling, the fixed needle and splint of the experimental rabbits were in good position, the fracture alignment was good, the fracture line was blurred, many continuous callus growths could be seen around the fracture end, and the callus density was high. Six weeks after modeling, many thick new bone trabeculae at the fracture, marginal osteoblasts attached, and a small number of macrophages were seen under the microscope. The intramembrane osteogenesis area was in the preparation bone stage, the medullary cavity at the fracture had been partially reopened, the callus was in the absorption plastic stage, and many osteoclasts were visible. The X-ray showed that the fracture line almost disappeared, part of the medullary cavity had been opened, the external callus was reduced around, the callus was in the plastic stage, and the bone cortex was continuous. It suggests that the fracture model showed secondary healing.@*CONCLUSION@#The improved three-point bending fracture device can establish a stable rabbit model of closed tibial fracture, and the operation is simple, which meets the requirements of closed fracture model in basic research related to fracture healing.

Inherited metabolic diseases causing acute liver failure in children / 临床肝胆病杂志

Acute liver failure (ALF) in children has complex etiologies, among which inherited metabolic diseases account for a high proportion, especially in infants and young children. Inherited metabolic diseases are a group of congenital diseases with destruction of cell physiological function caused by metabolism-related gene mutations, with various types and diverse clinical manifestations. ALF is one of the serious complications caused by such diseases and is easily neglected due to a lack of specific manifestations. ALF caused by such etiologies should be identified as early as possible to reverse the progression of ALF and improve the prognosis of patients. This article summarizes the common inherited metabolic diseases that can cause ALF in children, in order to improve the awareness of such etiology among physicians.

Inhibiting ferroptosis attenuates myocardial injury in septic mice: the role of lipocalin-2 / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the contribution of ferroptosis to myocardial injury in mouse models of sepsis and the role lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) in ferroptosis.@*METHODS@#Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into sham-operated group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis group, and CLP + Fer-1 group where the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/mL Fer-1 (5 mg/kg) 1 h before CLP. The left ventricular functions (including LVEF%, LVFS%, LVIDd and LVIDs) of the mice were assessed by echocardiography at 24 h after CLP. Myocardial injury in the mice was observed with HE staining, and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure and mitochondria were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum TNF-α level was measured with ELISA, and the changes of myocardial iron content were detected using tissue iron kit. The protein expressions of myocardial Lcn2, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) were determined with Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The septic mice showed significantly decreased LVEF%, LVFS% and LVIDd and increased LVIDs at 24 h after CLP (P < 0.05), and these changes were significantly improved by Fer-1 treatment. Sepsis caused obvious myocardial pathologies and changes in myocardial ultrastructure and mitochondria, which were significantly improved by Fer-1 treatment. Fer-1 treatment also significantly ameliorated sepsis-induced elevations of serum TNF-α level, myocardial tissue iron content, and Lcn2 protein expression and the reduction of GPX4 and FSP1 protein expression levels (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#GPX4- and FSP1-mediated ferroptosis are involved in myocardial injury in mice with CLP-induced sepsis, and inhibition of ferroptosis can attenuate septic myocardial injury, in which Lcn2 may play a role.

Research progress on pyroptosis and cardiovascular diseases / 生理学报

Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death which is closely related to the inflammatory response, mediated by Gasdermin protein and depends on the activity of cysteine aspartate specific protease (caspase). Pyroptosis is typically characterized by swelling and rupture of cell membrane, release of proinflammatory factors and cell contents from the plasma membrane to the extracellular environment, which aggravates inflammatory response. During the inflammatory response, NLRP3, caspase, Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and IL-1β play important roles in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy, myocarditis, arrhythmia and so on, and summarize the potential treatment targeting pyroptosis. It will provide the basis for prevention and treatment of clinical cardiovascular diseases.

Correlation between retinal vessel density and retinal nerve fiber layer in acute primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To observe circumpapillary and macular vessel density(cpVD/MVD), and to evaluate correlations of cpVD/MVD with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG).<p>METHODS: Patients with monocular APACG(<i>n</i>=29)visited the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Moreover, 29 eyes with APACG attack were included in the experimental group to be performed with combined trabeculectomy, and 29 contralateral eyes were served as the control group to receive preventive laser peripheral iridotomy. Changes in the MVD, the cpVD and the thickness of optic nerve fiber layer(RNFL)before operation and 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after operation were observed by oraphyptical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), respectively.<p>RESULTS: Before operation, the experimental group showed lower cpVD in the superotemporal(ST)quadrant and the temporosuperior(TS)quadrant compared with the control group(all <i>P</i><0.01). In addition, a brief rise was observed in each quadrant of the experimental group 1wk after operation, but with lower cpVD in the supero-nasal(SN)quadrant, the ST quadrant and the TS quadrant than the control group(all <i>P</i><0.05). Furthermore, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after operation, there was a steady downward trend in the cpVD and the MVD in each quadrant of the experimental group over time, and the RNFL thickness was increased at first within 6mo after operation, and then gradually thinned, but the RNFL thickness of the experimental group were thinner than those of the control group 6mo after operation. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the cpVD and the RNFL thickness in the SN, ST, temporoinferior(TI), IT, IN and nasoinferior(NI)quadrants in the experimental group 6mo after operation(all<i> P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The RNFL was thickened in the affected eyes in the early stage after acute attack of APACG, and gradually thinned 3-6mo after operation. However, the cpVD was decreased continuously, and there was a correlation between the RNFL thickness and the cpVD 6mo after operation.

Role of non-canonical pyroptosis in sepsis and other inflammatory diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

As a form of new programmed cell death, pyroptosis is divided into a canonical pyroptosis pathway and a non-canonical pyroptosis pathway. In recent years, it is reported that non-canonical pyroptosis is closely related to inflammatory reactions, which directly affects the occurrence, development, and outcome of sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory disease, nerve system inflammatory disease, and other inflammatory diseases. When the cells were infected with Gram-negative bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it can induce the activation of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(caspase)-4/5/11 and directly bind to the cells to cleave gasdermin D (GSDM-D) into the active amino-terminus of GSDM-D. The amino-terminus of GSDM-D with membrane punching activity migrates to the cell membrane, triggering the rupture of the cell membrane, and the cell contents discharge, leading to the occurrence of non-canonical pyroptosis. After activation of caspase-11, it also promotes the canonical pyroptosis, activates and releases interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, which aggravated inflammation. Caspase-4/5/11, GSDM-D, Toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group protein B1 are the key molecules of the non-canonical pyroptosis. Exploring the mechanisms of non-canonical pyroptosis and the related research progresses in inflammatory diseases intensively is of great significance for clinical prevention and treatment of the relevant diseases.

Morphological Identification of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata(Wall.) Moq / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To identify morphological characteristics of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata(Wall.) Moq.. METHODS: Based on tissue morphology features, C. officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata (Wall.) Moq. were differentiated by using tissue sectioning, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy technology. RESULTS: C. officinalis exhibited features, such as main roots, stems composed of four vascular bundles, relative rich trichomes, less green color, however, for C. capitata, hairy roots, stems composed of two vascular bundles and less trichomes were observed. Compared with low altitude condition, high-altitude condition may induce darker green color and formation of yellow spots and osmiophilic granules of leaves for C. capitata. CONCLUSION: It provides a scientific approach to differentiate these two closely related medicinal plants.

Optimized cutoff maternal age for adverse obstetrical outcomes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Urban China during 2011 to 2012 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#China's two-child policy has led to a trend of aging in pregnancy which was associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to identify the clinically cutoff maternal age for adverse obstetric outcomes in China.@*METHODS@#This secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort study included data of childbearing women from 39 hospitals collected in urban China during 2011 to 2012. Logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of adverse outcomes in different age groups in comparison to women aged 20 to 24 years. The adjustments included the location of the hospital, educational level, and residence status. Clinically cutoff age was defined as the age above which the aOR continuously become both statistically (P  2) significant.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 108,059 women were recruited. In primiparae, clinically cutoff maternal ages for gestational diabetes (aOR: 2.136, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.856-2.458, P < 0.001), placenta previa (aOR: 2.400, 95% CI: 1.863-3.090, P < 0.001), cesarean section (aOR: 2.511, 95% CI: 2.341-2.694, P < 0.001), hypertensive disorder (aOR: 2.122, 95% CI: 1.753-2.569, P < 0.001), post-partum hemorrhage (aOR: 2.129, 95% CI: 1.334-3.397, P < 0.001), and low birth weight (aOR: 2.174, 95% CI: 1.615-2.927, P < 0.001) were 27, 31, 33, 37, 41, and 41 years, respectively. In multiparae, clinically cutoff ages for gestational diabetes (aOR: 2.977, 95%CI: 1.808-4.904, P < 0.001), hypertensive disorder (aOR: 2.555, 95% CI: 1.836-3.554, P < 0.001), cesarean section (aOR: 2.224, 95% CI: 1.952-2.534, P < 0.001), post-partum hemorrhage (aOR: 2.140, 95% CI: 1.472-3.110, P < 0.001), placenta previa (aOR: 2.272, 95% CI: 1.375-3.756, P < 0.001), macrosomia (aOR: 2.215, 95% CI: 1.552-3.161, P < 0.001), and neonatal asphyxia (aOR: 2.132, 95% CI: 1.461-3.110, P < 0.001) were 29, 31, 33, 35, 35, 41, and 41 years, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early cutoff ages for gestational diabetes and cesarean section highlight a reasonable childbearing age in urban China. The various optimized cutoff ages for different adverse pregnancy outcomes should be carefully considered in childbearing women.

Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in 30-day mortality of patients with acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in 30-day mortality of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.@*Methods@#We respectively reviewed the clinical parameters of 115 patients with acute paraquat poisoning. They were divided into survival (n=64) and non-survival (n=51) groups based on their 30-day outcome. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors of 30-day mortality. Receiver operating curve (ROC) test was applied to analysis to the predictive value of NLR in 30-day mortality ofacute paraquat poisoning patients. The correlations between NLR and severity index of paraquat poisoning (SIPP) were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.@*Results@#Of the 115patients included in the study, 54 (46.96%) patients were males and 61 (53.04%) were females with a mean age of 38.96±13.58 years. The total mortality in 30-day was 44.35% (51/115) . The NLR at admission was an independently risk factor of 30-day mortality of patients with acute paraquat poisoning (OR 1.477, 95%CI 1.035-2.107, P<0.05) . The NLR to predict the death of the area under the ROC curve was 0.894 (95%CI: 0.8212-0.9663, P<0.01) ; the optimal cutoff threshold was 11.71; the sensitivity was 71.79% and the specificity was 94.29%; the positive predictive value was 93.33%and negative predictive value of 75.00%. Meanwhile, the positive likelihood ratio was 12.57 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.30. The NLR was significantly associated with SIPP (Spearman rho 0.525; P<0.01) and it was significantly higher in patients with SIPP of ten or higher than in those with an SIPP less than 10 (15.02±12.40 vs. 6.19±2.54, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The increased NLR at admission was an independently risk factor of 30-day mortality of patients with acute paraquat poisoning and it was significantly correlated with SIPP score. Therefore, NLR was useful for predicting prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.

Expression of MicroRNA-200c in Colorectal Carcinomas and Its Role on Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To investigate the expression of microRNA-200c (miR-200c) in colorectal carcinomas (CRC),and analyze its role on tumor cell migration and invasion.[Methods] The expression levels of miR-200c in CRC tissues and adjacent normal mucosa were assessed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).miR-200c mimics were transiently transfected into human colorectal cancer cells,and their roles on cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assay.Cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting kit-8.The expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as related transcription factor ZEB1 were detected by Western blotting.[Results] Lower miR-200c expression was found in primary CRC tissues with lymph node metastasis compared to those without lymph node metastasis and adjacent normal mucosa.Transfection of miR-200c mimics suppressed proliferation,and reduced invasion and migration in SW620 cells.Furthermore,up-regulation of miR-200c inhibited ZEB1,and resulted in increased E-cadherin and reduced Vimentin gene expression.[Conclusion] miR-200c was associated with invasive and metastatic behavior of CRC.These effects may be mediated through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Safety and efficacy of regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy in the presence of acute kidney injury after hepatectomy / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI) after hepatectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of all patients with AKI after hepatectomy for CRRT admitted to surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 19th, 2013 to January 19th, 2018 was performed. According to the different anticoagulants, the patients were divided into no anticoagulant group (NA group), low molecular heparin anticoagulation (LMHA) group and RCA group. The general data of patients during the perioperative period; renal function, the internal environment, electrolyte and blood coagulation function before and after CRRT; the filter time, the number of filters and adverse events (bleeding, frequent filter blood coagulation, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, citrate accumulation, etc.) during CRRT were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the life span of the first filter during different anticoagulation. Results A total of 67 cases were included in this study, including 11 in the NA group, 25 in the LMHA group and 31 in the RCA group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, underlying disease, etiology (tumor), Child-Pugh stage (A or B), CT angiography (CTA), basic renal function [serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys C)], the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) stage; surgical approach; intraoperative bleeding volume, blood transfusion, blood pressure, time of duration of low blood pressure; and postoperative circulatory failure, hepatic insufficiency and sepsis among three groups. However, the length of ICU stay in RCA group was significantly less than the LMHA group and NA group (days: 8.16±2.24 vs. 10.48±5.11, 13.29±6.64, bothP< 0.05). Compared with before CRRT, the levels of SCr, Cys C and Lac were significantly decreased in RCA group and LMHA group after CRRT [SCr (μmol/L): 89.02±21.90 vs. 248.30±55.32, 105.10±49.00 vs. 270.10±156.00; Cys C (mg/L): 2.18±0.95 vs. 2.94±1.26, 2.26±0.76 vs. 3.07± 0.90; Lac (mmol/L): 2.21±1.46 vs. 3.62±1.73, 2.37±1.24 vs. 4.03±1.69, allP < 0.05]; in addition, LMHA group and NA group had significant effects on hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) after CRRT [Hb (g/L): 85.4±5.1 vs. 99.6±23.6, 80.0±7.6 vs. 101.4±7.8; PLT (×109/L): 27.60±8.22 vs. 62.04±16.49, 21.36±3.91 vs. 61.45±17.69; APTT (s): 63.07±10.25 vs. 41.52±3.65, 49.56±5.77 vs. 41.09± 3.45, allP < 0.05]; at the same time, Cys C level and prothrombin time (PT) in the NA group after CRRT treatment were significantly increased compared with the others [Cys C (mg/L): 3.59±0.64 vs. 2.29±0.51, PT (s): 26.41±2.43 vs. 23.64±1.92 , bothP < 0.05]. Finally, the time of filters (hours: 60.52±8.82, 31.04±7.03, 13.73±6.26,F = 183.412, P < 0.001) and the number of filter during treatment (number: 2.03±0.60, 3.12±0.73, 4.64±1.29,F = 45.933,P <0.001) in the RCA group, LMHA group and NA group had statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse events such as bleeding (0 vs. 4, 7,χ2 = 23.961,P < 0.001) and frequent filter coagulation (1 vs. 10, 11,χ2 =35.413,P < 0.001) in RCA group was significantly lower than that in LMHA group and NA group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the life time of the first filter in RCA group was significantly longer than that in LMHA group and NA group (χ2 = 139.45,P < 0.05).Conclusion The application of RCA in patients with AKI after hepatectomy during CRRT is safe and effective, which can significantly prolong the life of the filter and reduce the risk of bleeding.

Establishing and Verifing Detection Limit for the Eight Items before Blood Transfusion with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay by the WS/T 514-2017 Industry Standard Documents / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the limit of detection of eight enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to hospital grade assessment and ISO15189:2012.Methods According to the new health industry standard WS/T 514-2017:"Establishment and verification of detection capability for clinical laboratory measurement procedures",the limit of detection (LoD) was established,in the sameset of detection system,using two reagent lot,each lot for 5 consecutive days 4 consecutive days to assess the value of the concentration of five specimens were detected repeatedly,calculated the corresponding hit rate,then transform into probability units,and the corresponding concentration value production regression model,the hit rate of 95 ％ corresponds to the probability unit 1.645 substituted into the equation,the resulting concentration value was LoD estimates.The detection limit values were tested for 3 consecutive days of detection of two LoD concentrations near the declared concentration of the sample (diluted by the standard material) was detected 4 times repeatedly to calculate the positive result was greater than or equal to the percentage of LoD statement,greater than or equal to the critical value of 87％,then verified success.Results HBsAg:0.100 IU/ml,HBsAb:9.642 mIU/ml,HBeAg:0.666 NCU/ml,HBeAb:3.700 NCU/ml,HBcAb:0.786 IU /ml,HCV:0.506 NCU/ml,TP:2.236 mIU/ml and HIV:0.135 NCU/ml.The detection limit estimates were passed.Conclusion The verification limit of the verification project in the testing method and detection system of the laboratory meet the requirements Objective.

Recent research progress of selenium polysaccharides from medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

Selenium polysaccharides (Se polysaccharides) are a kind of organic selenium compounds which obtain the activities from Se and polysaccharides. Comparing to Se or polysaccharides, Se polysaccharides exhibit improved biological activities and are more prone to be absorbed by human bodies, therefore, they have been widely used in medical applications, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-aging. Due to their unique pharmacological activities, Se polysaccharides from medicinal plants have gradually become a research hotspot. However, only a few of Se polysaccharides have been separated and purified in recent years. The structure of polysaccharides is also very complex, therefore, determination of the chemical structure and mechanism of bioactivity of Se polysaccharide in vivo remain to be further studied. This article systematically introduced the main source and biological activities of Se polysaccharides from medicinal plants. The purpose of this review is to provide a basis for the further research of Se polysaccharides.

Analyzing clinical characteristic of miR-196b in human colorectal cancer using TCGA and effect of miR-196 b on 5-FU resistance of CRC cell line / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics of microRNA(miR)-196b in colorectal cancer(CRC)and to study its biological function in 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistance.METHODS:miRNA sequence dataset and the corresponding clinical data of CRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA).Expression level and clinical characteristics of miR-196b in CRC patients were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.CRC cell line overexpres-sing miR-196b was established using transient transfection method.MTS test was used to evaluate the effect of miR-196b overexpression on 5-FU resistance.RESULTS:miR-196b expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05),but not related with age and sex.Lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were independent prog-nostic factors for rectal patients(P<0.05).The expression level of miR-196b was not associated with survival condition of rectal patients.The viability of the cells overexpressing miR-196b treated with different concentrations of 5-FU was signifi-cantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miR-196b may be a potential biomarker of TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in CRC.miR-196b increases the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells.

Design,synthesis and preliminary anti-radiation activityof novel LPA2 receptor agonists / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To design and synthesize novel G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid 2(LPA2)receptor agonists with anti-radiation activity. Methods Nine new LPA2 receptor agonists(Ⅰ2-Ⅰ5 andⅡ1-Ⅱ5)were designed and synthesized using DBIBB as the lead compound. The anti-radiation activity was assayed by the MTS method using the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)irradiated with 8.0 Gy 60Coγray. Results and Conclusion Nine target compounds notreported in the literature were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The results showed thatⅠ4 andⅡ1 have obvious anti-radiation ac-tivity,indicating that this kind of compounds is worth further studying.

Reference ranges of gestational weight gain in Chinese population on the incidence of macrosomia:a multi-center cross-sectional survey / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the incidence of macrosomia, and to establish the reference ranges of GWG based on the incidence of macrosomia. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted. Totally, 112485 women were recruited from 39 hospitals in 14 provinces in China. Totally, 61149 cases were eligible with singleton pregnancies and non-premature deliveries. The associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, newborn gender and gestational diabetes with macrosomia were analyzed with logistic regression. The normal GWG ranges were calculated in all maternal BMI subgroups, based on the normal incidence of macrosomia was set as the range of 5.0% to 10.0%. Results In this study, the incidence of macrosomia was 7.46%(4563/611149). The macrosociam was positive related with maternal height, delivery week,pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, gestational diabetes, primipara, and male babies significantly (P<0.05), based on unadjusted and adjusted logestic regression. The normal range of GWG 20.0-25.0, 10.0-20.0, 0-10.0 and 0-5.0 kg in subgroups of underweight (pre-pregnancy BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2), respectively. Conclusion The reference range of GWG in China based on the incidence of macrosomia is established.

Use of First-phase Insulin Secretion in Early Diagnosis of Thyroid Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. Therefore, this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diabetes (TDM) and T2DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In total, 101 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into hyperthyroidism with normal glucose tolerance (TNGT), hyperthyroidism with impaired glucose regulation (TIGR), and diabetes (TDM) groups. Furthermore, 96 patients without hyperthyroidism were recruited as control groups (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired glucose regulation [IGR], and T2DM). The following parameters were evaluated: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β, modified β-cell function index (MBCI), peak insulin/fasting insulin (IP/I0), AUCins-OGTT, and AUCins-OGTT/AUCglu-OGTTfrom the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) insulin release test were utilized to assess the second-phase insulin secretion, while the IP/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTfrom the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) insulin release test were used to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the OGTT, the HOMA-β values of the TNGT and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). In the hyperthyroidism groups, the MBCI of the TDM group was lower than that of the TNGT and TIGR groups (all P< 0.05). Among the control groups, the MBCI values of the IGR and T2DM groups were lower than that of the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (all P< 0.05). In the IVGTT, insulin secretion peaked for all groups at 2-4 min, except for the T2DM group, which showed a low plateau and no secretion peak. The IP values of the TNGT, TIGR, and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT, IGR, and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TDM group were higher than those of the T2DM group but were lower than those of the TNGT, TIGR, NGR, and IGR groups (all P< 0.05). Compared with the other five groups, the Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the T2DM group were significantly decreased (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TNGT group were higher than those of the NGT group (all P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>β-cell function in TDM patients is superior to that in T2DM patients. First-phase insulin secretion could be used as an early diagnostic marker to differentiate TDM and T2DM.</p>

Construction of 12 tumor marker combination optimized in colon cancer serum for diagnosis and relative analysis / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the expression of 12 tumor Markerss in the serum of colon cancer patients by C 12 tumor marker protein chip ,screening most valuable Markers for diagnosis . Methods C12 tumor Marker of protein chips were used for 12 sorts of tumor marker detection among 60 CRC patients and 40 healthy controls ,address the most valuable tumor marker relative to colon cancer and contribution of combinations effect on diagnosis .Result CEA+CA199+CA242+Bete-HCG combination diagnosis has the highest effectivity and diagnosis sensitivity was greatly improved by combination detection .The optimized diagno-sis showed no significant tendency to be correlated with age ,sex,differentiation stage,pathology,Lymph node me-tastasis,clinical stage.Conclusion It is of importance to use sera CEA +CA199+CA242+Bete-HCG detec-tion as markers for colon cancer diagnosis ,which may improve diagnosis efficiency .

GC-MS Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds Extracted from Rhodiola Crenulata Respectively by HS-SPME and SD / 中国药师

Objective: To compare the volatile compounds extracted from Rhodiola renulata respectively by HS-SPME and SD. Methods:The volatile constituents from Rhodiola crenulata were extracted respectively by HS-SPME and SD, and then the contents and the names were confirmed by GC-MS. Results:Totally 39 compounds were identified from Rhodiola crenulata by HS-SPME while 16 ones were identified by SD. Among them, 4 common compounds were detected. Conclusion: There are some differences between the two methods. Compared with SD, HS-SPME is obviously better because more volatile constituents can be extracted from the herb, furthermore, HS-SPME has notable advantages of higher retrieval matching and sensitivity.